PARTICLES

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The image = of the electron described in the chapter POLAR SHEAF is a sphere whose diameter is 0.000028 Ä. Given that one Angstrom is 1 ten billionth of a meter then= the diameter of an electron is 2.8x10^–15 metres in length. The= electron had a static ‘field’ that was represented in that chapter by ba= rs positioned as radii extending out from the sphere. Each bar extending out w= as considered as a pair of chains made up of Eterons with dipoles: each one of these chains was called a polar sheaf. As shown in that chapter, at each radius-increment of 1.41… (square root of 2) the sheaf duplicates by = two and the corresponding intensity of their dipole-field drops to half. The internal energy of a sheaf can be identified by the number of Eterons multiplied by the square of the dipole-field intensity. The internal energy= of all the sheaves around the electron is finite. In mathematical terms the fi= eld falls to a quarter of its intensity when the radius duplicates. Taking a co= ne with its vertex on the electron’s centre, angling outwards then the product of the local field by the number of Eterons of its normal section w= ill always be constant.

Moving tow= ards the electron from a distance, the electron field increases by the inverse-s= quare of its radius, up to the outer surface of the sphere. It is at this point t= hat the field is at its maximum and does not increase any more by moving into t= he electron sphere itself. As Eterons have a determined size on this outer spherical surface there Eterons are compacted. Within this sphere there exi= sts only neutrally dipoled Eterons because a vacuum cannot exist. Within this sphere exists the CENTRAL SPHERE of the electron. As shown before, polar sheaves attract each other laterally and the attraction-forces are at a max= imum at the described surface. These lateral forces compress the Eterons represe= nted by the body displayed in Diagram 7.1. Each polar sheaf is squeezed on its vertex up to shift into cones.

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DIAGRAM 7.1

In the duplicating-bar-structure at each duplicating level Eterons are compacted laterally again. They touch each other because the barrier-forces of each b= ar have been overcome by the neighbour bar.&n= bsp; At this point attraction forces of the Eterons start to override the= barrier forces. It is due to this that Eterons become compressed. However increasing out from the sphere the distance amongst sheaves increases. Adjacent sheaves start to exist outside of the individual Eteron’s barrier area. This happens just before the next duplication radius for the sheaves. Increasing= the radius further then another duplication level is reached and Eterons become compacted again, however at this point the dipole-field is lower, lateral forces are lower and compression is also lower up to a (theoretical but not real) infinite.

So, between two successive duplication levels there is a Compressed Eteron Zone (CEZ) and a Not Touching Zone (NTZ). They alternate like the layers of an onion. In the CEZ Eterons are smaller and as a result have a decreased diam= eter across that radius’s spherical surface. Given the force-difference formula (square against fourth power), increasing the intensity of the dipole-field the CEZ becomes (proportionally) longer at each step towards t= he core. The final step sees the CEZ equal to the NTZ. (See Diagram 7.1).

The hydrogen’s super-fine-spectrum appears due to a mass-difference of electrons. Such difference is a photon of 210 mm. Its energy c= ompared to the internal energy of the electron is 8.54 x 10¹⁰ times lowe= r. Supposing that it is the internal energy-difference between two stable electrons, it is the energy of one cone of the electron’s central sph= ere. It is due to a cone-accomodation on the sphere’s surface. It seems to exist two stable amounts of cones. Let us suppose that difference between s= uch amounts of cones corresponds to the above mentioned energy-difference. If t= hat amount-difference is one, it is possible to calculate the size of Eterons on that central-sphere. Surface of that sphere is 6.16 x 10^-10 Ä² . Dividing such= value by 8.54 x 10¹⁰ we obtain the average surface occupied by one ver= tex of cone, that is to say, of one Eteron. The square-root of that surface giv= es 8.5 x 10^-11 Ä. Although it is the size of a compressed Eter= on regarding eterons of normal space, compressing value maybe is in the order = of low numbers. It is also possible that difference of amount is more than one; then it is a bundle of cones and eterons are smaller. A clue for compression-value is the eteron-compression close the Sun. Bending angle of light passing close the Sun is about 1.7 seconds. Such angle is due to light-speed variation. At its time, that variation is due to the combined effect of eteron-diameter-diminishing and time-stretching. A calculation gi= ves the average diameter-diminishing of eterons near the Sun. It is about 1.23 x 10= ^{-17.=
A very small value for space-distortion.
However, relation between that space-density compared with density of
electron’s core is a similar value.}

      Total inte= rnal energy of an electron is the sum of two energies: strong dipoles and that of compression. If an electron and a positron meet, cones of both particles st= art to shape into polar sheaves of a forming photon and the NTZ disappears. Compression-energy is transformed into electric energy (the dipoles of the = new photon).

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DIAGRAM 7.2

      Diagram 7.2 represents a single cone. The opposed flow exhibited within a polar sheaf becomes the opposed flow of neighbouring bars of the cone. Each Eteron that enters at the external end of the cone moves step by step towards the centr= al sphere (the flow toward the apex of the cone), removing energy from neighbo= ur Eterons. When the Eteron reaches the central sphere it moves sideways and m= oves up and follows the same path but out along the neighbouring cone (flowing o= ut of the cone), transferring energy step by step to the adjacent entering Ete= rons of the inward flowing cone. Lateral attraction amongst cones is at a maximu= m at the surface of the inner central sphere. The compression of Eterons here is also at a maximum on that surface. Neutral Eterons within are also in the s= ame compression-state but without any dipole. The opposed flow of cones continu= es as opposite flowing bars – the electron’s extensions – an= d forms the electron’s static field around the electron.

      The vertex= es (the inner most part of the cone as it sits within an electron) of cones ha= ve a special role. The opposed flow of a cone is a movement that generates an electromotive force. It is at a maximum at its vertex. The sum of several c= ones reach a value capable of ionizing Eterons pushing positive Eter-ions into t= he central sphere and throwing negative ones out of the electron. So as cones = are repelling positive Eter-ions towards the centre, cones are also pushing negative Eter-ions outwards by the positive charge built up within the cent= ral sphere.

<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>      If an elec= tron has either an electroid – electro inertia – or a matter-wave resulting in mechanical inertia, it seeks to incorporate this energy into i= ts internal structure, either as a higher dipole-field or as smaller more high= ly compressed Eterons within its cones. With an increasing dipole field, electromotive forces of vertexes also increase. The subsequent compression = of the Eterons causes the dipole field to become higher due to the increased density of the individual dipole units. In both cases the electromotive for= ce increases up to a point where the Eteron throws out a cone, or a bundle of them. So, if an electron absorbs energy, cones are subsequently emitted and= the mass of the electron is again stabilized. By increasing the speed of an electron its external pressure (compression) increases resulting in a corresponding increase in dipole density and a greater force required to em= it a cone. So, a heavier electron would be in balance with a higher given speed. If something slows down a fast electron, extra-mass causes cones to be emitted= and (or) the electroid becomes a photon. An emitted cone becomes, in time, a photon. As a consequence, a still electron can have a unique value of mass = and each value of speed corresponds to a determined value of mass. It is for th= is reason that an electron that absorbs a photon acquires speed and a just sto= pped electron emits a photon.

     Observe that ins= ide the central sphere there is a positive charge. The corresponding negative charge can be found inside the core of protons. However, negative Eter-ions would have fled from the electron impelled by the radial polar sheaves of t= he static field and negative dipoles facing outwards (diagram 7.2). This phenomenon leaves no cavorting Eter-ions around in space. The positive cent= ral charge of electrons sounds extravagant. Given our current thinking and the consistent indoctrination of current theories one would have expected a negative charge. We must not forget however: the worst consultant in physic= s is common sense! We listened some time ago ignoring the tell tale signs and got the orbiting electron theory.

      The central charge has a determined value for the maintenance of an electron’s mass-balance. As we see, the electron is a body made up of radial polar sheaves. They are strongly attached and go together to make a very stable particle. Moreover, only one size of such a particle can exist. It is for t= his reason that electrons, positrons, protons and even mesons have an electric charge equal to that of the “electron”. Quarks are an intermedi= ate state between being a particle and a photon. Their lifetime is in the order= of one cycle of the photon. This will be seen later.

      The body of Diagram 7.1 is supposedly made up of cones represented in more detail in Diagram 7.2, that is of double dipole-bars with an opposed flow. Cones begin with their vertexes at the surface of the inner central sphere and the duplicating polar sheaf structure continues (as we referred to previously t= he static “field”). It is theoretically correct to refer to the “electron” as the body made up of the central sphere and the external body of polar sheaves. However it is more “comfortable”= ; to refer to the “electron” as a body made up of just the central i= nner sphere and cones and to separately call the extensions extending out the “static field”.

       It is possible to imagine the electron as a body with a core of very high density (central sphere). Cones have compressed eterons, then it has mass. Compress= ion decreases increasing radius so that at a great distance mass-density fades away. On the other hand, each cone is made up of polar sheaves and the same concept is valid regarding electro-static field: in addition to compressed eterons, it is an intense core of static field fading away along radii.

      Let us eli= minate all strong dipoles. In this case the static field, the dipoles of the cones will not exist. Cones h= owever remain. Returning to waves, Diagram 6.5 shows a similar structure. It is a = wave with its necklaces. A necklace is not a cone because it has no vertex and i= t is continuous from end to end. Besides, adjacent necklaces have no opposed flo= w.

      Now, let us return to chapter 5. Diagram 5.2 represents Eterons in an ‘a’ a= nd also in a ‘b’ state. Electrons are made up of Eterons in a ‘b’ state and strong dipoles dominate weak dipoles. Now an Eter= on in an ‘a’ state possesses only weak dipoles on its surface. If = an Eteron is slightly compressed, surface-dipoles will therefore have a role of managing barrier forces only. However if the Eteronic compression reaches a determined (high) value, the relation of size between surface-dipoles and diameter of Eterons reduces to a small number and weak dipoles begin to work very like strong dipoles. They go on managing barrier forces, but they align and build a structure similar to the dipole-bars discussed in chapter 2. Ch= ains of those depicted in diagram 5.1 are created based on dipoles as result of = the integration of surface-dipoles. A body similar to the electron is built: co= nes appear and the opposed flow begins. Also electromotive forces and ionization start to appear. The central sphere is created and a charge appears within however there are important differences between this body and that of the electron.

      Summarizing this: it is as if a small “electron copy” is born but with dram= atic differences. The external surface does not have bars extending out because Eteronic compression at the surface is not strong enough to continue to pro= vide energy to weak dipoles for extensions. Besides, it has no bar-duplicating structure. Cones still have very compressed Eterons at their vertexes. Howe= ver in contrast Eterons at the other end of the cones are hardly compressed. So, cohesion of cones dominates near to the central sphere and the body is very stable. The surface has only a slight electrical polarity (light compared to that at the vertex). Besides this, internal energy of the new particle is 1= 838 times greater than that of an electron. Given this and knowing that there i= s a corresponding reduction in radius to compression the Compton-size is 1838 t= imes less than an electron. The rules applying to this body are still the same f= or it being motionless, moving and mass-stabilizing although the stable mass i= s in this case1838 times higher. If a cone is emitted, it becomes a graviton ins= tead of a photon as there are no strong dipoles just Eterons with weak dipoles. =

       At l= east, this is valid for photons of lower energy than (near) 1.3 Mev. <= /span>

      This new particle is a NEUTRON. As mentioned above the size relation between an elec= tron and neutron is an order of 1838. Diameter of cones grows moving towards the surface, but there is no bar-duplications. In fact, at a given value of the neutron’s radius, diameter of eterons reach a size equal to that of the conducting medium. Su= ch radius coincides with neutron’s Compton-size: 0.000014 Ä, just t= he half of electron’s central sphere.

      A cone has= an Eteron of minimum size at its vertex and the Eteron of maximum size on the surface of the particle. Redu= cing the radius, the number of surface-Eterons reduces by a square proportion. T= he number of Eterons on the surface is equal to the number of cones – th= is is logical. If the diameter of the Eterons in the particle is reduced by n = then the number of cones is reduced by n², so that total number of Eterons is also reduced by n². However if the diameter of Eteron= s is reduced by n, energy increases by n³.

      Surface-Et= erons of a neutron do not emit extensions similar to the static field of electron= s. Extension of an intense static field of the core only reaches the surface. = Polarity is negative in the common neutron and positive in the anti-neutron. If both particles meet, they destroy each other generating mesons, electrons, positrons, photons and heavy gravitons. It is a similar phenomenon to the meeting of an electron and a positron because external ends of cones attract and break the cohesion existing at the core.

      To create neutrons a high Eteronic pressure is required. Now it goes without say that= the cosmos is a very complex place, moreover our knowledge about it is also very poor. Nevertheless, we can imagine places where neutrons would be born. Thi= nk about a neutron star that due to an unknown (by us) phenomenon explodes. Or alternatively a special zone of space where the sum of some kind of strong fields converge, compressing Eterons so as to create a neutron source. In t= hese places each neutron lives 10 minutes and would then transmute into hydrogen. Such might be the intergalactic birth of hydrogen.

      Returning = to Diagram 7.1, let now imagine it as 3 dimensions, being that of a sphere. Fr= om the viewpoint of a photon or an electron, it is only a dense conductive med= ium in space. A still neutron interacts very little with such bodies. Amongst a= toms there is a large area of space for a slow neutron pass. Interaction is very thin with electrons.

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DIAGRAM 7.4

      Within a n= eutron other things can also happen. Observe the diagram 7.4.

       Taki= ng a cone of a neutron we shall consider it for the moment as a radius of the neutron. The opposed flow within the cone is identical to the process that occurs in electrons, however Eterons are in this structure are in an ‘a’ state. The fact that the Eterons are in an ‘a’ state means that they can, provided they are given the correct stimulus, mo= ve to the ‘b’ state. It is therefore possible for Eterons inside a neutron to receive strong dipoles a= nd ultimately make a photon within the neutron’s body. Now a special kind of photon is the ‘polar-ring’. It = is made up of bars very similar to polar sheaves. Taking a circle perpendicula= r to the above-mentioned cone on the surface of the neutron (1), a polar ring has its dipole-axes always perpendicular to the cone radius on which it sits. W= ith all the radii that pass through the ring we generate a conical surface. On = that surface, along the radii and from the surface of the neutron up to the cent= ral sphere, the ring can move following the lateral transfer of dipoles (see 2 = and 3) – like a photon. It can move bouncing between both ends – the outer shell of the neutron and the central sphere – as a reflected ph= oton between two mirrors. The external end is not the surface of the neutron. It actually moves out of the neutron. At this point the ring photon seeks to increase its diameter sharing the energy of its dipoles among an increasing number of Eterons. (This does not happen with normal photons that “sweep” a surface of constant value.) When lateral-transfer-forces become so weak that th= ey cannot overcome the barrier forces and the ring-photon is reflected back towards the neutron it bounces between the central sphere and a big external spherical surface in space. If many polar-rings exist together they integra= te to finish in only one. Opposed dipole orientations are eliminated and rings with angle differences are added as the sum of their vectors. Observe that a polar ring is the equivalent of a wire-hoop with an electric current. Thus = the magnetic axis of a neutron is generated. This is the first time a plausible explanation for this phenomenon has been presented. Physics of the 20^th cen= tury still cant explain this phenomenon.

      Ring photo= ns also have another rule. It seems the neutron is not simply a sphere made up= of cones. Its possible it also contains complex mechanisms, one of which might= be a clock. Its possible that Ring-photons might be part of that clock. Howeve= r, after 10 minutes from its initial birth, the ring-photon finally overcomes a pre–determined energy value (near to 1300 Kev) and it breaks out of t= he neutron to become a longitudinal photon, seeking to become a normal one. But such a photon has to be much bigger than the neutron, more than 700 times. = So it must have less Eterons of higher energy, significantly violating the qua= ntum rules at this instant. When it nears the central sphere where “weak&#= 8221; dipoles are far stronger than dipoles of the ring (electromotive force of sheaves increases by the square of eteron’s compression), it splits in two at the middle becoming a pair of sheaves of cones. (Diagram 7.5) One of these has vertexes with positive ends and the other has vertexes with negat= ive ends. Both are violently accelerated and in exactly the opposite direction = to each other. Once out and near to the neutron, cones begin to breed to form = two electrons-shaped body, but with opposite cone dipole direction, as well as being 1838 times bigger than theirs “mother”: a positron and an electron.

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DIAGRAM 7.5

      Normal neu= trons have negative surface due to “weak” dipoles. The electron is repelled and the positron is attracted by the neutron. The positron has pos= itive ends of strong dipoles and the neutron has negative ends of its “weak” dipoles, but the field-intensity of both is similar. Then the neutron pulls to the positron that is 1836 times bigger. Neutron is lik= e a small and heavy bullet beside a foam-ball. It pulls the core of the positron absorbing only a little amount of cones (of the positron). Reaching it, the neutron “puts on” the positron like an overall. Lacking cones a= re regenerated.

      The diamet= er of the central sphere of a positron is of 0.000028 Ä, while diameter of a neutron is about 0.000014 Ä. The new positron has a neutron inside its central sphere. It is centred because cones of the neutron end with negative charges (due to weak dipoles) and vertexes of positron’s cones end wi= th negative charges. Repulsion forces centre the neutron within the central sp= here of the positron.

      The neutro= n now exists inside a central sphere where Eterons are in a compression state corresponding to the central sphere of a positron. Normally cones of a free neutron have less compressed surface-Eterons than that of the central spher= e of a positron. So a layer of Eterons is more compressed and all Eterons of the neutron have an increased energy-state. There exists an excess of mass with regard to a neutron with neutral Eterons, so the neutron generates a higher charge within its central sphere. Consequently a graviton of one electron-mass is emitted. It is becau= se the positron around it simulates the lacking mass of neutron. As that mass = of the neutron is of a determined value, with an additional positron surroundi= ng it, it would be higher. That is why an extra-charge is generated within the central sphere of the neutron and why a graviton is emitted. This graviton = was found by century 20 physicists and called a “neutrino”. The graviton and neutrino are one and the same.

       An apparent contradiction is that a neutron, inside a high-pressure chamber (t= he central sphere of a positron) must lose mass. A moving neutron generates matter-wave that also increases the pressure applied on the neutron and as a consequence, neutron increases its mass. But this last mentioned mass is a cyclic “forced mass”; due to that pressure, the neutron seeks to get rid of that mass emitting it at the rear. But it only can do it by cycl= es. Once increased its mass, quantum-rules impose a delay. That is to say, first matter-wave creates extra-mass sharing it between the particle and itself a= nd later particle reacts to the pressure-excess emitting mass at the rear.

      In this wa= y, a PROTON is born. =

      The averag= e mass of neutrons weighed result in a mass of a proton added to the mass of two electrons. A free neutron lives for 10 minutes. During its short life it absorbs energy. This absorption increases with time till creating a pair. <= o:p>

<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'>       If a photon of more than 1 Mev hits a nucleus it splits into two parts. Neverthe= less it seems that neutrons within a nucleus are stable and do not hold the posi= tron around them. This might be due to the proximity of neighbouring protons. Instead, both electrons types are subsequently emitted and in opposed directi= ons. It happens as represented in diagram 7.5, however the positron is not absor= bed.

      An emitted= sheaf of cones always tries to become a particle. An emitted polar sheaf without a vertex and with more compressed Eterons tends to become a photon. When cones are breeding and building the sphere vertexes extend and seek to form the mirror image of each cone. In the case of a particle, breeding is faster th= an completing of mirror-part of a cone. Then reaching a half of a sphere, mirror-structures are re-absorbed and the sphere finishes construction.

      When a neu= tron (so a free neutron as a “thin” neutron site inside the central sphere of a positron) meets an anti-neutron or an anti-proton, or any parti= cle or wave of very high energy, it is disassembled into pieces. The mass of pi= eces can be that of an electron or much heavier (200 or more of an electron̵= 7;s mass). Several parts together become a very short photon or groups of short photons as well as mesons. For a piece to become a photon or a particle it depends on the local conditions. The other surrounding pieces will tend to affect the tendency for the construction of either a photon or particle. It sometimes happens that a piece is equally divided on the type of structure = it will build. Then for a short interval half of it becomes a particle and the other half a photon-structure. Both parts are of opposed polarities. This hybrid body is stable enough to reach a point where one part is double the energy compared with the other half. Therefore the other part represents a third of the whole body. So, it is a body of two static fields, for example, 2/3 positive (the bigger part) and 1/3 negative (the smaller part). The res= ultant electric charge is 1/3 positive. The lifetime of this hybrid body is in the order of a photon-cycle whose energy is that of the body. After that interv= al it becomes either one particle & one photon (splitting in two) or a sin= gle body that is either a particle or a photon.

      When somet= hing like that happens, a duck appears (With a doctorate in physics gain in the = 20^th century) and is very delighted – in fact he is CHARMED jumping UP and DOWN and then to the TOP of the SUPER accelerator screaming “QUARK, QUARK, QUARK, QUARK!” according to the load and mass of the hybrid particles.

        =

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