THE ETERON
The last t=
hree
chapters have introduced the concept that space is made up of a tightly com=
pact
lattice of unities. This chap=
ter
extends this notion and expands the model touched on previously. The dialog in the previous chapter=
s had
referred to these entities as unities.&nbs=
p;
This concept put forward called a unity is one that houses the dipol=
e in
various forms and needs to have a name – a citizen card so to speak.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> I am calling this new entity an
ETERON. It must have determin=
ed
size and characteristics. It is the basic structure that causes electric
phenomenons to exist: that is static and electro-dynamic ‘fields̵=
7;.
Significantly, it is the basic particle for the conducting medium of light.=
In the last
three chapters I avoided size-variation of the unit, considering it of cons=
tant
size. I now apologize for this omission. It was necessary in order to reduce
confusion at an early introductory stage.
If the ele=
ctron
is built of radial polar sheaves, we can say that the matter of the electron
(the mechanical mass) is the same polar sheaf. If the difference between sp=
ace
and electron is the energy state of the mentioned units then we can say that
matter is made up of units in a special state due to its internal energy -
energy here that can move something against a resistance. The dipole-state =
of a
unit or Eteron gives it the ability to move other bodies. So, it is the ene=
rgy
inside a unit converted into mass. One space-unit multiplied by the square =
of
its dipole intensity is the mass unit applied to the electron. In the chapt=
er
PHOTON we saw the mechanism of a photon, explicitly, the structure of what =
we
see as light. The photon is a special body of polar sheaves. It moves creat=
ing
new polar sheaves at the front supplied by the fading of polar sheaves at t=
he
rear. Further to this and as mentioned before in space there are units with=
out
the strongly separated dipole. Moreover, the “population of dipole-les
units” is what fills the majority of common space inter galactic spac=
e.
If we seek to mention the
‘light-conducting medium’, first we have to consider the
Michelson-Morley experiment. (Described in full in the chapter on RELATIVIT=
Y)
If it is
considered that moving objects contract in the direction of movement accord=
ing Einstein’s
formula, it is also evident that the length measuring instrument would also
contracted at the same rate. That is why the instrument will always measure=
the
same length in the direction of movement since it is moving at the same spe=
ed
as the object being measured.
The theory=
of
relativity says currently no conducting medium for light exists. Specifical=
ly
because we have not as yet been able to find an appropriate model that expl=
ains
all relativistic phenomena.
Here then =
is
just such a simple model. Let us now examine in some detail characteristics=
of
the space-unit – what I now call the Eteron referring to them as such
from here
on.
If Eterons=
have
determined diameter and particles (such as the electron, proton, neutron, e=
tc.)
are made of Eterons, then contraction of these objects (they get smaller)
suggests that Eterons can vary their size according to energy held. Moreove=
r,
they can flatten or their diameter can decrease. If space is full of Eterons
and light uses them for propagation then the localised constant speed of li=
ght
points to units possessing length in space and the existence of a standard
internal clock that defines an interval “t” such that the speed=
of
light is d/t where d is distance. This behaviour is deduced from the
space-contraction observed around a star: gravity is energy and compresses
Eterons.
If an Eter=
on can
be compressed generating an opposed force against the contraction, the
compression absorbs energy. If the compression-force ceases, the Eteron exp=
ands
returning that energy. The higher is the force, the more is the energy. A v=
ery
high force generates a very small Eteron containing high energy. Smaller
Eterons will result in a lower speed of light. For example, in water the sp=
eed
of light is 75% of the original value in a vacuum.
It means t=
hat
Eterons had an average contraction of 1.3333 (the refraction coefficient of
water). If we consider that the mass is concentrated within the nucleus, th=
ere
must be very small Eterons in it. The liberation of a lot of energy in a
nuclear disintegration is due to the very high value of contraction experie=
nced
by the Eterons.
As will be=
seen
later, the practical values of the compression are as follows:
1)
Compression force F =3D k.r-4.
2)
Compression energy E =3D k.r-3.
The
constant is k and r is the actual radius of the Eteron. The internal energy=
of
the Eteron is inversely proportional to its volume. All this is still empir=
ical
at the moment.
Returning =
to the
concept of nuclear particles constructed of compressed Eterons some with st=
rong
dipoles (large groups of Eterons), a problem appears. If a particle then mo=
ves
in space full of Eterons, it must sweep a determined number of them aside
– in fact those that exist in the path of the moving particle. The mo=
del
identical to that of a submarine moving water around itself to advance does=
not
work in this case because it fails to explain the existence of inertia. Wit=
hout
propulsion the submarine stops due to friction with the water. Instead we m=
ust
elaborate a different model. Let us suppose that the Eterons of the front a=
re
flattened by the particle. This compression generates a long chain of
compressed Eterons ahead of it. The mechanism for this compression is simil=
ar
to the bars of Eterons with strong dipoles. It is the creation of chains
growing out of the front of the particle at the speed of light. When an Ete=
ron
is compressed said Eteron monopolizes the force and absorbs all the energy
during the interval t. Past t, the next Eteron on the path begins to be
compressed. This continues until the chain is completed. This propagation of
chains is very similar to the propagation of a sound wave. When all the ene=
rgy
of the particle is used up for he purpose of building the chains, then the
chains are finished. The pressure on the particle also compresses the Etero=
ns
of the particle. It stands to reason that if at one point all the Eterons a=
re
at normal diameter – that of normal space and then, in front of the
particle all the Eterons are then compressed in a diminishing way out from =
the
particle and there are no gaps between them the particle must have moved
forward by the total difference between the normal Eterons and the compress=
ed
chained Eterons.
The number=
of
Eterons (without compression) must take up the volume created at the rear
caused by the advancing particle.
In another way there is a similar number of Eterons as those absorbed
are expelled at the rear. Stated alternatively, the particle compresses Ete=
rons
at the front, absorbs a determined number and then emits them at the rear.<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> Those Eterons at the rear also
decompress provide energy back to the particle.
The act of
emission (and decompression) =
of the
Eterons at the rear of the particle actually supplies energy to form a new
chain at the front. So, the process of Eteronic flow must exist during the chain-formation –=
both
front and back. This compression-absorption-emission decompression is not
continuous. It occurs in recurring cycles. As the compression is a process
where the kinetic energy of the particle is converted into compressed Etero=
ns,
it is an energy variation at each cycle. So, it is governed by quantum rule=
s:
the energy of one cycle by the interval of that cycle must equal the consta=
nt
of Planck.
The Eteron=
s of
the chain, extending out from the front of the particle (Detailed further in
the chapter on WAVES), increase their respective diameters as they extend
out. Assuming for the moment =
there
is a greater energy difference between each Eteron then by induction more
energy as a whole will be experienced by the chain. The particle will move forward for =
the
period of the creation of the front wave front. It stops immediately the wave front
completes. Consequently the particle moves forward by jumps due to the quan=
tum
behaviour of the chain generation. The implication of this behaviour is tha=
t it
operates as a wave: the matter-wave.
Fundamenta=
lly,
the compression of Eterons is also the creation of matter.
That is wh=
y a
moving particle increases its mass – it accepts more compressed Etero=
ns
during the intake phase. At e=
ach
cycle its extra-mass reaches a maximum critical value. As it accepts more
internal energy (more mass) into its structure at a point the structure bec=
omes
unstable. An unstable particle must then emit that extra mass it received f=
rom
the absorption at the front. It is emitted backwards and the decompression =
of
the Eterons returns the energy back to the particle to feed the next
compression-cycle at the front. In
short the average mass of a moving particle is more than that of a still on=
e.
Summarizin=
g: the
particle compresses Eterons at the front, it absorbs them increasing its own
mass and it emits the Eterons at the rear receiving energy back from them as
they decompress. This decompression supplies the energy back to the particl=
e to
continue moving forward. At any cycle there is no energy loss and the parti=
cle
is in balance with space moving at a given speed and in a given direction. =
Any
variation of this balance implies an energy variation: a variation in the p=
article’s
kinetic energy.
Returning =
back
to the concept of dipoles, we have seen that an electron extends its EDF (an
electronic current extends its PSF) to a theoretical infinite distance. The
extension is within the medium of Eterons or Eteronic Medium. As the PSF fi=
lls
space compactly, it seems there is no Eteron without (at least a weak) dipo=
le.
Nevertheless, the dipole cannot vary by infinitesimal values. The variation=
of
the intensity is digital, however by very small steps, but not infinitesima=
l.
So, there must be a last minimum value and a dipole-less space. It is possi=
ble,
however if it exists anywhere it would be found far out onto intergalactic
space. The critical point I make here is that all Eterons except in
intergalactic space must be compacted due to the attraction of parallel
dipoles. Polar sheaf fields (PSF) must exist in all known space. The
propagation of a PSF is really a propagation of an intensity-difference. Wh=
en a
photon enters a PSF the photon accommodates the PSF’s dipoles adding =
the
intensity of found dipoles to its own structure. This is an addition of ene=
rgy
and the photon becomes shorter – the Eterons have become more compres=
sed.
Exiting out of the PSF, the opposite happens and the photon again lengthens=
.
<=
span
style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> The concept of m=
ass
based on the Eteron structure is something more complex. Energy and mass
(matter) are the same thing. The internal energy of a particle is its mass.=
The
energy state of an Eteron is E =3D k.r-3 (mass-energy formula) w=
here k
is a constant and r is the radius. So, a determined amount of Eterons is no=
t a
mass unit. It only takes a few very compressed Eterons to equal the mass eq=
ual
to a large number of slightly compressed Eterons. For example, 8 Eterons of
radius =3D 2r have the mass of one Eteron of radius =3D r. An Eteron can va=
ry its
mass. Really, the mass as an intrinsic substance does not exist. It is the
behaviour of Eterons that creates the concept. A volume of many (slightly
compressed) Eterons can have equal mass to a small volume (of more compress=
ed) Eterons
if both have equal inertia or both release equal energy. That is why masses=
of
different densities can exist. The other mass-energy formula, that of Einst=
ein,
is E =3D m.c2. There is no conflict between them at all.
Einstein’s formula provides the relation between mass and energy. The
first one above, E =3D k.r-3 shows the ‘internal structure=
of
the mass’. So resolving the two we have:
=
&nb=
sp;
m =3D k./(r3 .c2 )
=
where r is the radius of the Eteron.
This could=
be
regarded as a more complete expression.
Moreover,
inertia as an intrinsic characteristic of mass is an incorrect concept. Ine=
rtia
is a result of sweeping and compression of Eterons within the surrounding
medium. Inertia is the extra energy the particle has due to its movement. T=
he
boundary we currently refer to as the speed of light is due to the
clock-mechanism of the Eteron. The sweeping generates waves (matter-waves) that cause the intermittent
movement of a particle. Each time the compression at the front is at a maxi=
mum,
the particle actually stops. (Its important to state that the concept of
intrinsic inertia MUST BE FORGOTTEN! I recognize it will be extremely diffi=
cult
for some minds, but to forget concepts such as war is a MUCH more difficult
thing. Bear with me here̷=
0;).
Now this n=
ext
part is pivotal to the process. During the middle time of the Eteron emissi=
on
at the back the speed is much higher than the average speed, having (for a =
very
short interval) a peak value equal to that of the speed of light. As the
Eterons transfer energy to the next they do it at the speed of light –
their internal clock. So while the chains are forming the particle is moving
forward equal to the collapsed difference in radii of each Eteron between b=
efore
and after and this all happens at the speed of light. Consequently, the
particle moves by jumps. One jump is equal to the
The
The energy=
of
the matter-wave follows the same rule as that of the dipole-bars. That is to
say, its density (frequency) increases in a linear rate with the
particle’s speed and the energy is proportional to the square of the
speed. In the formula:
=
&nb=
sp;
v.m =3D h.f
The =
kinetic
energy is:
=
&nb=
sp;
e =3D ½.m.v2.
Then:
=
&nb=
sp;
e =3D 0.5.h.f.v <=
/sup>
It means t=
hat
the matter-wave increases its frequency in linear proportion with the
particle’s speed and the energy increases with the square proportion =
in
relation to the speed. Therefore, the energy of the matter wave increases w=
ith
square proportion to the frequency of the matter-wave. Note again there is =
no
conflict with quantum rules. In the formula: e =3D 0.5.h.f.v h can be replace=
d by n.h
where n is an integer.
Now, let us
examine the compression at the front in the formation of the matter-wave. L=
et
us suppose that the energy-jump of two neighbour Eterons in the chain incre=
ases
with the inverse of the diameter of the Eteron. Let us calculate this at the
simplest level:
Assume the=
speed
of the particle is doubled.
Therefore =
the
diameter decreases by double with regard to the null-energy-state.
The number=
of
Eterons is now half because the chain reaches a maximum diameter with half =
the
number of steps.
Each Eteron
involved increases its energy eight times however there are only half as ma=
ny,
so the energy as a result is just 4 times more.
Then we ha=
ve a
wave of half-length but with 4 times more energy. The diameter variation for
low speeds is a small percentage of the total diameter. This will be descri=
bed
in full detail in the chapter on KINETIC ENERGY.
Notice tha=
t the
energy of a photon is inversely proportional to its length but the energy o=
f a
matter-wave is inversely proportional to the square of its length. Both are
different kind of waves. The photon is a dipole-wave of lateral propagation.
The matter-wave is a pressure-wave of
longitudinal propagation. Both kinds of waves can and do work togeth=
er.
The matter=
-wave
is a pressure wave. Eterons can flatten and the pressure of the matter-wave
flattens the Eterons of a particle. This is the relativistic contraction wi=
th
the speed. Eterons can contract in one dimension, that is to say, to flatte=
n.
The internal energy varies with the inverse of the volume also in this case=
.
So upon
examination of the matter-wave, it is created in front of the particle and =
it
fades away at the back of the particle. It is like a wave of only one cycle
that crosses the particle in the opposite direction to its movement. It also
causes an Eteron flow through the particle: the swept (energy modification =
at
the front) Eterons press back on the particle along the moving line flatten=
ing
it. This increases the mass of the particle because it compresses the Etero=
ns
to a higher energy level. This stops the particle for a moment and pushes it
again in the opposed direction to its propagation. The matter wave is creat=
ed
by the kinetic mass of the particle during the first half of the cycle and =
it
returns that energy to the particle during the second half of the cycle. The
direction of propagation defines the moving direction of the particle and d=
ue
to this effect particles have a stubborn tendency to move on a straight lin=
e.
This new
‘eccentric’ wave I will from this time on refer to as the INTRO=
N.
‘In’ for inertia. If however this name has already patented, I =
will
change it to INERTON and at the very least I’ll call it a
‘pre-neutrino’ in honour of Enrico Fermi. More on the neutrino
later.
I repeat:
intrinsic inertia of the mass DOES NOT EXIST. It is a subjective idea. Like
colour-sensation and the photon. Photon causes the colour sensation through=
a
complex mechanism. The Intron causes the physical phenomenon of inertia tha=
t,
at its time, caused the subjective inertia-sensation. A particle, alone in
space without Eterons, (such a space does exist) has NO inertia.
If an Intr=
on is
free in space (that is without a particle that absorbs all its energy in cy=
cles)
it is instead an independent wave that travels at the speed of light. It ha=
s no
dipoles and it ignores the dipoles it finds along its path. The normal Intr=
on
(that created and absorbed by a particle) pushes the particle in the opposi=
te
direction to its movement. It is possible to say that it exchanges energy w=
ith
the particle. An independent Intron moves inside the Eteronic Medium like a
pressure-wave. If it finds a zone with smaller Eterons (higher energy stare=
) it
shortens adding its energy to those Eterons that already have energy. It is=
a
wave and has no dipoles and as such ignores dipoles. So, it can cross parti=
cles
as if the particle would be part of the conducting medium. But due to the
similar structure to an Intron, it exchanges (or not) energy with the parti=
cle.
The particle is pushed in the opposite direction. If the particle can be
accelerated, the wave looses energy and the particle gains it. If the pushed
particle stays still (fixed to something heavy) there is no exchange and the
wave just keeps going having only a momentary effect on the Eterons of the
particle.
This ̵=
6;free
Intron’ I call a GRAVITON. An Intron’s core and that of the
particle that creates it coincide exactly. But a ‘pilgrim’ grav=
iton
seldom has such a good aim as to exactly hit the core of the particle. So, =
the
energy exchange is in most cases partial.
Matter gen=
erates
gravitons spontaneously. Matter looses energy, but re=
covers
it soon after. The matter on Earth is moving at a very high speed. The orbi=
t of
the solar system around the centre of the galaxy is near to 220 Km/sec. The
kinetic energy of any mass on Earth is very high with respect to surrounding
space or Eteronic Medium. Lost mass by graviton emission is replaced
immediately by the kinetic energy of the planet. =
This
causes a small braking effect but the sun drags Earth along. And the reason for this is that in=
side a
star, matter at such a high temperature has thermal kinetic energy, more th=
an
enough for the purpose of dragging Earth. If Earth looses mass by g-emissio=
n,
particles remove energy from their own Intron. So, Earth would loose from i=
ts
kinetic energy store and it would lag behind the Sun. The Sun drags it along
however. Summarizing: Earth is braked due to g-emission, The Sun is also br=
aked
due to g-emission however its thermal energy makes up the difference and it
intern drags back on its planets. It is the nuclear reactions within the Sun
that supply energy to complete most of the lost mass of its atoms. Repeatin=
g,
the Sun is braked a little because part of the replacing of lost energy for=
the
Earth and other planets is removed from introns (those of the Sun). This braking makes that (very slow=
ly)
stars diminish theirs orbit.)) In any place where no Kinetic Energy exists,
matter freezes up to absolute zero and nuclear disintegrations can occur. B=
ut
matter under these situations would be a very strange thing in this univers=
e.
All this will be seen in the chapter on KINETIC ENERGY.
<= o:p>
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